FastHashMap.h

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/*
 * MIT License
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2025 nfx
 *
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#pragma once
 
#include "nfx/detail/containers/CompilerSupport.h"
 
#include <nfx/Hashing.h>
 
#include <algorithm>
#include <concepts>
#include <cstddef>
#include <cstdint>
#include <functional>
#include <initializer_list>
#include <iterator>
#include <optional>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <string>
#include <string_view>
#include <type_traits>
#include <utility>
#include <vector>
 
namespace nfx::containers
{
    //=====================================================================
    // FastHashMap class
    //=====================================================================

    template <typename TKey,
        typename TValue,
        hashing::Hash32or64 HashType = uint32_t,
        HashType Seed = ( sizeof( HashType ) == 4 ? hashing::constants::FNV_OFFSET_BASIS_32 : hashing::constants::FNV_OFFSET_BASIS_64 ),
        typename THasher = hashing::Hasher<HashType, Seed>,
        typename KeyEqual = std::equal_to<>>
    class FastHashMap final
    {
        //----------------------------------------------
        // Compile-time type constraints
        //----------------------------------------------
 
        static_assert( std::is_same_v<HashType, uint32_t> || std::is_same_v<HashType, uint64_t>,
            "HashType must be uint32_t or uint64_t" );
 
        static_assert( std::is_invocable_r_v<HashType, THasher, TKey>,
            "THasher must be callable with TKey and return HashType" );
 
        static_assert( std::is_invocable_r_v<bool, KeyEqual, TKey, TKey>,
            "KeyEqual must be callable with two TKey arguments and return bool" );
 
    public:
        //----------------------------------------------
        // Forward declarations for iterator support
        //----------------------------------------------
 
        class Iterator;
        class ConstIterator;
 
        //----------------------------------------------
        // STL-compatible type aliases
        //----------------------------------------------

        using key_type = TKey;

        using mapped_type = TValue;

        using value_type = std::pair<const TKey, TValue>;

        using hasher = THasher;

        using key_equal = KeyEqual;

        using hash_type = HashType;

        using size_type = size_t;

        using difference_type = std::ptrdiff_t;

        using iterator = Iterator;

        using const_iterator = ConstIterator;
 
        //----------------------------------------------
        // Construction
        //----------------------------------------------

        inline FastHashMap();

        inline FastHashMap( std::initializer_list<std::pair<TKey, TValue>> init );

        template <typename InputIt>
        inline FastHashMap( InputIt first, InputIt last );

        inline explicit FastHashMap( size_t initialCapacity );

        FastHashMap( FastHashMap&& ) noexcept;

        FastHashMap& operator=( FastHashMap&& ) noexcept;

        FastHashMap( const FastHashMap& ) = default;

        FastHashMap& operator=( const FastHashMap& ) = default;

        ~FastHashMap() = default;
 
        //----------------------------------------------
        // Core operations
        //----------------------------------------------

        template <typename KeyType = TKey>
        [[nodiscard]] inline TValue* find( const KeyType& key ) noexcept;

        template <typename KeyType = TKey>
        [[nodiscard]] inline const TValue* find( const KeyType& key ) const noexcept;

        template <typename KeyType = TKey>
        [[nodiscard]] inline bool contains( const KeyType& key ) const noexcept;

        inline TValue& at( const TKey& key );

        inline const TValue& at( const TKey& key ) const;

        inline TValue& operator[]( const TKey& key );

        inline TValue& operator[]( TKey&& key );

        template <typename KeyType = TKey>
        inline TValue& at( const KeyType& key );

        template <typename KeyType = TKey>
        inline const TValue& at( const KeyType& key ) const;
 
        //----------------------------------------------
        // Insertion
        //----------------------------------------------

        inline bool insert( const TKey& key, const TValue& value );

        inline bool insert( const TKey& key, TValue&& value );

        inline bool insert( TKey&& key, TValue&& value );

        inline void insertOrAssign( const TKey& key, TValue&& value );

        inline void insertOrAssign( const TKey& key, const TValue& value );

        inline void insertOrAssign( TKey&& key, TValue&& value );
 
        //----------------------------------------------
        // Emplace operations
        //----------------------------------------------

        template <typename... Args>
        inline void emplace( const TKey& key, Args&&... args );

        template <typename... Args>
        inline void emplace( TKey&& key, Args&&... args );

        template <typename... Args>
        inline std::pair<Iterator, bool> tryEmplace( const TKey& key, Args&&... args );

        template <typename... Args>
        inline std::pair<Iterator, bool> tryEmplace( TKey&& key, Args&&... args );
 
        //----------------------------------------------
        // Capacity and memory management
        //----------------------------------------------
        inline void reserve( size_t minCapacity );

        template <typename KeyType = TKey>
        inline bool erase( const KeyType& key ) noexcept;

        inline Iterator erase( ConstIterator pos ) noexcept;

        inline Iterator erase( ConstIterator first, ConstIterator last ) noexcept;

        inline void clear() noexcept;

        template <typename KeyType = TKey>
        [[nodiscard]] inline std::optional<std::pair<TKey, TValue>> extract( const KeyType& key );

        inline void merge( FastHashMap& other );

        inline void merge( FastHashMap&& other );
 
        //----------------------------------------------
        // State inspection
        //----------------------------------------------

        [[nodiscard]] inline size_t size() const noexcept;

        [[nodiscard]] inline size_t capacity() const noexcept;

        [[nodiscard]] inline bool isEmpty() const noexcept;

        inline void swap( FastHashMap& other ) noexcept;
 
        //----------------------------------------------
        // STL-compatible iteration support
        //----------------------------------------------

        [[nodiscard]] Iterator begin() noexcept;

        [[nodiscard]] ConstIterator begin() const noexcept;

        [[nodiscard]] Iterator end() noexcept;

        [[nodiscard]] ConstIterator end() const noexcept;

        [[nodiscard]] ConstIterator cbegin() const noexcept;

        [[nodiscard]] ConstIterator cend() const noexcept;

        [[nodiscard]] bool operator==( const FastHashMap& other ) const noexcept;
 
    private:
        //----------------------------------------------
        // Robin Hood Hashing bucket structure
        //----------------------------------------------

        struct Bucket
        {
            std::optional<std::pair<TKey, TValue>> data; 
            HashType hash{};                             
            uint32_t distance{};                         
            bool occupied{};                             
        };

        static constexpr size_t INITIAL_CAPACITY = 32;

        static constexpr size_t MAX_LOAD_FACTOR_PERCENT = 75;

        std::vector<Bucket> m_buckets;
 
        size_t m_size{};                       
        size_t m_capacity{ INITIAL_CAPACITY }; 
        size_t m_mask{ INITIAL_CAPACITY - 1 }; 

        NFX_CONTAINERS_NO_UNIQUE_ADDRESS hasher m_hasher;

        NFX_CONTAINERS_NO_UNIQUE_ADDRESS KeyEqual m_keyEqual;
 
        //----------------------------------------------
        // Internal implementation
        //----------------------------------------------

        template <typename ValueType>
        inline void insertOrAssignInternal( const TKey& key, ValueType&& value );

        template <typename ValueType>
        inline void insertOrAssignInternal( TKey&& key, ValueType&& value );

        inline bool shouldResize() const noexcept;

        inline void resize();

        inline void eraseAtPosition( size_t pos ) noexcept;

        template <typename KeyType1, typename KeyType2>
        inline bool keysEqual( const KeyType1& k1, const KeyType2& k2 ) const noexcept;
 
    public:
        //----------------------------------------------
        // FastHashMap::Iterator class
        //----------------------------------------------

        class Iterator
        {
            friend class ConstIterator;
 
        public:
            using iterator_category = std::forward_iterator_tag;

            using value_type = std::pair<const TKey, TValue>;

            using difference_type = std::ptrdiff_t;

            using pointer = value_type*;

            using reference = value_type&;
 
            //---------------------------
            // Construction
            //---------------------------

            Iterator() = default;

            inline Iterator( Bucket* bucket, Bucket* end );
 
            //---------------------------
            // Operations
            //---------------------------

            inline reference operator*() const;

            inline pointer operator->() const;

            inline Iterator& operator++();

            inline Iterator operator++( int );
 
            //---------------------------
            // Comparison
            //---------------------------

            inline bool operator==( const Iterator& other ) const;

            inline bool operator!=( const Iterator& other ) const;
 
        private:
            //---------------------------
            // Private methods
            //---------------------------

            inline void skipToOccupied();
 
            //---------------------------
            // Private members
            //---------------------------
 
            Bucket* m_bucket = nullptr;
            Bucket* m_end = nullptr;
        };
 
        //----------------------------------------------
        // FastHashMap::ConstIterator class
        //----------------------------------------------

        class ConstIterator
        {
            friend class FastHashMap;
 
        public:
            using iterator_category = std::forward_iterator_tag;

            using value_type = std::pair<const TKey, TValue>;

            using difference_type = std::ptrdiff_t;

            using pointer = const value_type*;

            using reference = const value_type&;
 
            //---------------------------
            // Construction
            //---------------------------

            ConstIterator() = default;

            inline ConstIterator( const Bucket* bucket, const Bucket* end );

            inline ConstIterator( const Iterator& it );
 
            //---------------------------
            // Operations
            //---------------------------

            inline reference operator*() const;

            inline pointer operator->() const;

            inline ConstIterator& operator++();

            inline ConstIterator operator++( int );
 
            //---------------------------
            // Comparison
            //---------------------------

            inline bool operator==( const ConstIterator& other ) const;

            inline bool operator!=( const ConstIterator& other ) const;
 
        private:
            //---------------------------
            // Private methods
            //---------------------------

            inline void skipToOccupied();
 
            //---------------------------
            // Private members
            //---------------------------
 
            const Bucket* m_bucket = nullptr;
            const Bucket* m_end = nullptr;
        };
    };
} // namespace nfx::containers
 
#include "nfx/detail/containers/FastHashMap.inl"